【hardly】“Hardly” 是一个英文副词，常用于否定句中，表示“几乎不”、“几乎没有”的意思。它通常用来强调某种情况的罕见或不存在。虽然“hardly”在语法结构上看似简单，但在实际使用中却有多种用法和搭配，掌握这些有助于更准确地表达语言。
一、总结
“Hardly” 是一个常见的英语副词，主要用来表示“几乎不”，常用于否定句中，以加强语气。它的使用需要与一些特定的结构搭配，如 “hardly...when...” 或 “no sooner...than...”。此外，“hardly” 还可以与 “not” 搭配使用，形成双重否定结构。了解这些用法可以帮助学习者更自然地使用该词，并避免常见的错误。
二、常见用法及例句
| 用法 | 结构 | 例句 | 中文解释 |
| 表示“几乎不” | hardly + 动词/形容词 | I hardly know him. | 我几乎不认识他。 |
| 强调“几乎没有” | hardly anything / nothing | There is hardly any water left. | 几乎没有水了。 |
| 与 not 搭配 | not hardly | He is not hardly interested. | 他并不怎么感兴趣。 |
| 与 when 搭配 | hardly...when... | I had hardly arrived when it started to rain. | 我刚到，天就开始下雨了。 |
| 与 no sooner 搭配 | no sooner...than... | No sooner had I left than it began to snow. | 我刚离开，就下起雪来了。 |
三、注意事项
1. 语序问题：在 “hardly...when...” 和 “no sooner...than...” 的结构中，主句通常使用倒装语序。
- 正确：I had hardly arrived when it started to rain.
- 错误：I hardly had arrived when it started to rain.
2. 双重否定：“hardly” 有时会与 “not” 同时出现，构成双重否定，表达肯定含义。
- 例如：He is not hardly angry.（他并不生气。）
3. 语气加强：在口语中，“hardly” 可以增强否定语气，使句子听起来更强烈。
四、常见错误对比
| 正确句子 | 错误句子 | 错误原因 |
| I hardly ever go there. | I hardly ever goes there. | 主语是 I，动词应为 go。 |
| She had hardly finished when the phone rang. | She hardly finished when the phone rang. | 缺少助动词 had，导致时态错误。 |
| Hardly anyone came to the party. | Hardly anyone come to the party. | 主语是 anyone，动词应为 came。 |
通过理解 “hardly” 的不同用法和常见搭配，可以更准确地运用这一副词，提升英语表达的自然度和准确性。
